Exterior ballistics is just a sciencey sounding word that is used to describe anything flying through the air. Could be bullets; could be snow balls.
This is a very math intensive area, but I’m going to do my very best to keep the math out of it as much as possible.
Once a bullet leaves the barrel of a gun, or a ball leaves the hand that threw it, it is at the mercy of physics. Where it goes is determined from the moment it breaks contact, unless the wind messes with it.
Look at a baseball. When an outfielder throws the ball to second base, he doesn’t throw it at the second baseman. It would never get there. Instead, he throws it up, in the direction of the second baseman. Air resistance slows the speed of the ball and gravity pulls it back down. The same thing happens to bullets.